This study investigated college students’ psychological distress within the context of the novel coronavirus disease 2019’s (COVID-19). A questionnaire was administered to 209 college students in South Korea. Frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and t-test were conducted to analyze the collected data using the JAMOVI program. The results revealed that nearly 20% participants reported experiencing severe stress, anxiety, and depression due to COVID-19. Further, female students scored higher at all levels. The level of psychological distress of the students who get support for their living expenses was significantly higher than that of students making money through part-time jobs. The depression level of students attending face-to-face classes was significantly higher than those who did not. The grade and housing type were not significant aspects. Based on these results, a discussion was then presented. This study thereby provided foundational data for identifying the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on South Korean college students.