School counseling in the United States has made significant progress over the last 100 years. From its initialdevelopment, which addressed the need for vocational guidance, to its current position as an integral part of aschool’s curriculum, the advancement of school counseling has traveled a long and winding road as counselorssearched to establish a professional identity. The development and transformation of school counseling in theUnited States has been influenced by a variety of factors, ranging from societal need and educational reformto Federal legislation and the development of professional organizations. The American School CounselorAssociation (ASCA) National Model has significantly affected school counseling, as programs strive for increasedaccountability and to solidify their place in the framework of the nations’ schools and school systems. The structureof the elementary, middle, and high school programs are addressed, as are the implications of counseling programs inAsian countries.


Corresponding Author
Suhyun Suh, Auburn University, Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, & Counseling,
2084 Haley Center, Auburn, AL 36849-5222, USA.
Email: suhsuhy@auburn.edu