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ISSN : 2233-6710(Print)
ISSN : 2384-2121(Online)
Journal of Asia Pacific Counseling Vol.1 No.1 pp.47-60
DOI : https://doi.org/10.18401/2011.1.1.4

A Phenomenological Approach to Understanding Early Adult Friendships of Third Culture Kids

Kyoung Mi Choi, Melissa Luke

Syracuse University
Received November 18, 2010, Revision received January 25, 2011, Accepted February 14, 2011

Abstract

A phenomenological qualitative approach was used to explore the experiences of six Third Culture Kid (TCK) participantsregarding their early adult friendships at one midsize university in the United States. The term TCK refers to a person whohas spent a significant amount of his or her childhood outside of his or her own country and culture of origin and who hasassimilated these cultures into a third culture. TCK participants identified making friends as the most challenging issue intheir adjustment to the United States. Four themes emerged from the participants’ narratives, with four illustrative metaphorsdrawn from the participants’ own words to describe the psychosocial phenomenon related to forming their friendships,including (a) a sense of restlessness: a square peg trying to fit into a round hole, (b) a desire for stimulation: being halfwaythere, (c) coping strategies to compensate or manage the lack of friendships: filling the void, and (d) multiple identities andmulticulturalism: being chameleon-like. The findings suggest that the notion of friendship may need to be reconstructedwhen applied to TCKs who described distinctive social and cultural experiences that were influenced by frequentmulticultural transitions.

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