Prevention has been regarded as one of the major functions of counseling: remediation, prevention and development. Thisarticle takes the position that preventive counseling should surmount the level of slogans or philosophy and develop into ascience. Preventive concepts such as resilience, risk and protective factor, vulnerability, developmental pathology, and positivepsychology are discussed. Then, more innovative ideas are intensively discussed. Analogies to medical concepts such asimmunity or epidemiology are advocated. Process research in resilience mechanisms is recommended. Issues of generic riskfactor, package program, and diversity of intervention units are examined. The topics are discussed with examples of internetgame addiction, unemployment, and antisocial behaviors