This study examined the fit of Bem’s proposed two-factor structure for the Bem Sex Role Inventory (1974/1981), using a nationally representative sample (N = 3,709) collected from the U.S. in 2002. The sample included four ethnic groups of young adults: African American, Asian American, European American, and Hispanic American. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) indicated that the two-factor structure did not fit the data for men or women from any of the four ethnic groups. Exploratory factor analyses indicated that three-factor solutions fit the data best for all groups except Asian American men, for whom a four-factor structure was more suitable. The factor structures differed across the four ethnic groups. Follow-up CFA indicated that although fit was much improved from that of Bem’s (1981) two-factor structure, the data were fit adequately only for men and women from the European American group. Implications of the findings are discussed.